Function std.algorithm.setops.cartesianProduct

The conditions for the two-range case are as follows:

If both ranges are finite, then one must be (at least) a forward range and the other an input range.

If one range is infinite and the other finite, then the finite range must be a forward range, and the infinite range can be an input range.

If both ranges are infinite, then both must be forward ranges.

When there are more than two ranges, the above conditions apply to each adjacent pair of ranges.

Prototypes

auto cartesianProduct(R1, R2)(
  R1 range1,
  R2 range2
)
if (!allSatisfy!(isForwardRange, R1, R2) || anySatisfy!(isInfinite, R1, R2));

auto cartesianProduct(RR...)(
  RR ranges
)
if (ranges.length >= 2 && allSatisfy!(isForwardRange, RR) && !anySatisfy!(isInfinite, RR));

auto cartesianProduct(R1, R2, RR...)(
  R1 range1,
  R2 range2,
  RR otherRanges
)
if (!allSatisfy!(isForwardRange, R1, R2, RR) || anySatisfy!(isInfinite, R1, R2, RR));

Example

import std.algorithm.searching : canFind;
import std.range;
import std.typecons : tuple;

auto N = sequence!"n"(0);         // the range of natural numbers
auto N2 = cartesianProduct(N, N); // the range of all pairs of natural numbers

// Various arbitrary number pairs can be found in the range in finite time.
assert(canFind(N2, tuple(0, 0)));
assert(canFind(N2, tuple(123, 321)));
assert(canFind(N2, tuple(11, 35)));
assert(canFind(N2, tuple(279, 172)));

Example

import std.algorithm.searching : canFind;
import std.typecons : tuple;

auto B = [ 1, 2, 3 ];
auto C = [ 4, 5, 6 ];
auto BC = cartesianProduct(B, C);

foreach (n; [[1, 4], [2, 4], [3, 4], [1, 5], [2, 5], [3, 5], [1, 6],
             [2, 6], [3, 6]])
{
    assert(canFind(BC, tuple(n[0], n[1])));
}

Example

import std.algorithm.comparison : equal;
import std.typecons : tuple;

auto A = [ 1, 2, 3 ];
auto B = [ 'a', 'b', 'c' ];
auto C = [ "x", "y", "z" ];
auto ABC = cartesianProduct(A, B, C);

assert(ABC.equal([
    tuple(1, 'a', "x"), tuple(1, 'a', "y"), tuple(1, 'a', "z"),
    tuple(1, 'b', "x"), tuple(1, 'b', "y"), tuple(1, 'b', "z"),
    tuple(1, 'c', "x"), tuple(1, 'c', "y"), tuple(1, 'c', "z"),
    tuple(2, 'a', "x"), tuple(2, 'a', "y"), tuple(2, 'a', "z"),
    tuple(2, 'b', "x"), tuple(2, 'b', "y"), tuple(2, 'b', "z"),
    tuple(2, 'c', "x"), tuple(2, 'c', "y"), tuple(2, 'c', "z"),
    tuple(3, 'a', "x"), tuple(3, 'a', "y"), tuple(3, 'a', "z"),
    tuple(3, 'b', "x"), tuple(3, 'b', "y"), tuple(3, 'b', "z"),
    tuple(3, 'c', "x"), tuple(3, 'c', "y"), tuple(3, 'c', "z")
]));